It became a prison. Now it is a museum. Trezzini erected the Peter and Paul Cathedral here, and Russian tsars were buried in it.
The most famous square in the city is the Palace Square with its magnificent ensemble. Here one can see the Winter Palace built by Rastrelli. Till the revolution it was the residence of the Russian csars. Now the Winter Palace and four other buildings are occupied by the Hermitage, one of the oldest art museums in Russia. There one can see masterpieces of outstanding artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rembrandt, Velazquez and other unique works of art.
The Russian Museum is located in the Mikhailovsky Palace, designed by Rossi. Marvellous paintings by the famous Russian artists: Tropinin, Repin, Bryullov, Fedotov, Surikov, Serov; the works of sculptors: Rastrelli, Shubin, Antokolsky are exhibited here.
The streets and squares in St. Petersburg are very beautiful. Nevsky Prospect is the main street of the city, where there are amazing buildings, shops, hotels and the remarkable Kazan Cathedral (by Voronikhin) with a colonnade and monuments to M. Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly. Here in the prospect one can see the magnificent building of the Admiralty (by Zakharov) and the ensemble of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Famous Russian writers, painters, composers and actors were buried in the Lavra.
Majestic palaces, cathedrals, churches and other buildings, built by famous architects, such as: palaces of Stroganov, Menshikov, Anichkov, and St. Isaac's Cathedral, erected by Montferrand, decorate St. Petersburg.
The city is often called the Venice of the North because there are 65 rivers and canals with artistically decorated cast iron bridges. One of the most beautiful is the Anichkov Bridge.
Citizens and tourists enjoy visiting the suburbs of St Petersburg: Petergof, Pushkin, Pavlovsk with their wonderful palaces, parks and fountains.
St. Petersburg inspired many of our great poets, writers, painters, sculptors, composers and actors. Much of the life and work of Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tchaikovsky, Repin and Kramskoi was connected with the city.
3. Выдающиеся люди России
Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765) (1) Михаил Ломоносов
Mikhail Lomonosov is the father of the Russian science and one of the most famous universities in the world. Lomonosov was born in 1711 in Arkhangelsk province. He began to read when he was a little boy. He always wanted to study and when he was nineteen he went to Moscow. He entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy and six years later, in 1736, he was sent abroad to complete his studies in Chemistry and mining. Lomonosov worked hard and became a great scientist. He was the first Russian academician; Lomonosov opened the first Russian chemistry lab. He was a physicist, a painter, an astronomer, a geographer, a historian and a statesman. In 1755 Mikhail Lomonosov founded Moscow University which is now Moscow State University named after him. Mikhail made research in electricity, gravity and the character of colour. Lomonosov was also the author of many odes and poems. He also published a lot of scientific works, including the first book on Russian grammar. Lomonosov died in 1765 but people still remember him.
================================
Mikhail Lomonosov (2)
Mikhail Lomonosov was born in 1711 in the family of a fisherman in the northern coastal village of Denisovka not far from Archangelsk. When he was ten years of age his father began to take him sea fishing. The dangerous life of a fisherman forced him to observe the natural phenomena more closely. During the long winter nights young Lomonosov studied his letters, grammar and arithmetic diligently. Being the son of a peasant, he was refused admission to the local school. After some years, through concealing his peasant origin, he gained admission to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy and for five years lived a hand-to-mouth existence on three kopecks a day. The noblemen's sons studying with him made fun of the twenty-year-old giant who, in spite of the jeers and his own poverty, made rapid progress. After five years came the chance of entering the Academy of Sciences, as there were not enough noble-born students to fill the quota. His ability and diligence attracted the attention of the professors and as one of three best students he was sent abroad. He spent all the time there studying the works of leading European scientists in chemistry, metallurgy, mining and mathematics. On his return to Russia in 1745 he was made a professor and was the first Russian scientist to become a member of the Academy of Sciences. For versatility Lomonosov has no equal in Russian science. Many of his ideas and discoveries only won recognition in the nineteenth century. He was the first to discover the vegetable origin of coal, for instance, and as a poet and scientist he played a great role in the formation of Russian literary language, eliminating distortions and unnecessary foreign words. He died in 1765. His living memorial is the Moscow University, which he founded in 1755.
Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) Александр Пушкин
Alexander Pushkin is one of the most outstanding Russians. He was the greatest Russian poet and writer. Pushkin devoted his life to writing poems. The young Alexander's first poems appeared when he was fifteen, and by the time he left school he was regarded as a rival by the literary leaders of that time. Pushkin was the first poet who touched problems that were important for Russia and its people. Because of that he was sent to exile a few times. Pushkin wrote a lot of poems and novels. Among his famous ones are: Eugenij Onegin, Ruslan and Lyudmila and others. Children like to read his fairy tales and watch wonderful cartoons based on them. When I was a child I read all the fairy tales by this talented poet. First my grandmother read them for me, but then when 1 learnt to read, I read his tales myself. Most of Pushkin's best works are studied at school. There is a statue to Pushkin in Moscow at Pushkin Square Young and old people gather by the statue, read poems and just meet friends.
Pushkin is respected not only in Russia, but all over the world. His novels and poems have been translated into many languages and arc enjoyed by foreigners.
Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) Юрий Гагарин
Yuri Gagarin was the first spaceman in the world. Born in 1934, young Gagarin was a very curious and clever boy. Since childhood Yuri was interested in planes and made toy planes himself.
After the War the Gagarins moved to another city and Yuri entered a vocational school in a small town near Moscow. He attended an aero club and started flying. After finishing a school for pilots Gagarin joined the first group of spacemen. On the 12-th of April, 1961, Yuri Gagarin flew into space and spend more than one hour there. He was the first man in the world who flew into space on board a spaceship. After the successful landing Yuri Gagarin became a national hero. He died in 1968, but people all over the world still remember the first Russian spaceman.
Evgenij Pluschenko Евгений Плющенко
Pluschenko was sent to the ice-rink by his mother at the age of four. His mother liked figure skating and had some friends at the rink. When Evgenij was 11, his ice-rink in Volgograd closed, and the boy left his home and moved alone to St. Petersburg to train. His mother came to Petersburg later, while his father and elder sister stayed in Volgograd.
Pluschenko is one of the few male skaters to perform great spins and jumps. At the age of 16, Evgenij was the youngest male skater to receive the perfect score of 6.0. Pluschenko's parents never watch him compete live, even when competitions took place at home. Pluschenko withdrew from the 2005 World Championship after the short program because of injury. He underwent surgery in Munich, Germany in spring 2005.
On June 18, 2005, Pluschenko married Maria Yermak. His wife studies sociology at the University of St. Petersburg. They met in 2004 when Pluschenko, driving in St. Petersburg, noticed her in a convertible and decided to follow her.
At the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin, Italy, Pluschenko skated two brilliant programs, and became the Olympic champion. Looking to the future Pluschenko will be doing some skating tours, including Champions on Ice.
4. Англоговорящие страны
Great Britain (1)
I would like to tell you about Great Britain.
The official name of the country is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The country H situated in the north-west of Europe and consists of two large islands, Great Britain and the Isle of Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. There are four regions in the UК: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The country is washed by the North Sea in the north, the Irish Sea in the west and the English Channel in the south. The English Channel separates Great Britain from France.
The climate of the country is humid and oceanic because of the small size, of the country and the surrounding water. The English weather changes very often. It is not very cold in winters and not very hot in summers.
Great Britain has a lot of rivers and lakes. The most important river is the Thames which flows into the North Sea. The longest river is the Severn. The Lake District in the west is the most beautiful region on the British Isles. Famous British poets wrote their poems about the Lake District because of its beauty. The most famous lake is the Loch Ness. There is a legend that Nessie, the Loch Ness monster, lives in it.
The United Kingdom has a lot of industrial cities like Manchester and Birmingham and educational cities like Cambridge and Oxford. The two world famous universities, Cambridge University and Oxford University, are situated there.
Every region of Great Britain has its own administrative centre and the symbol.
England is the biggest region in the country. The symbol of England is the Red Rose. London is the capital of England and Great Britain. London is one of the biggest and most expensive cities in the world situated on the river Thames.
The symbol of Scotland is the thistle. Edinburgh is the administrative centre of the region. Scotland is a mountainous area. Ben Nevis, the highest peak of Great Britain, is situated there. The administrative centre of Wales is Cardiff and the symbol of the region is the daffodil. Belfast it the capital of Northern Ireland and the shamrock is its symbol.
The flag of Great Britain is called the Union Jack, ft has three crosses on the dark blue background. The currency of the country is the pound which consists of a hundred pence.
Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen as the Head of the state.
The legislative body of the country is British Parliament consisting of two houses: The House of Lords and the House of Commons. The head of the government is Prime Minister. The two main political parties of English Parliament are: the Labour Party (which is the leading democratic party) and the Tory (the conservative party).
Great Britain is famous for its great poets and writes such as William Shakespeare, Walter Scott, Arthur Conan Doyle and others. The Beatles rock group was born in England.
English people are famous for their love for gardening. Many of them live in small houses surrounded by beautiful green gardens.
English food does not vary much. The only dish that can be called traditional is fish and chips (fried fish with French fries). English people like going to pubs where they can have a snack and drink a pint of beer.
Great Britain is wonderful country. I would love to go there one day.
===================================
Great Britain (2)
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an area of some 244,000 square miles is situated on the British Isles, which are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Britain's population is over 57 million. Four out of every five people live in towns. The UK is a constitutional monarchy: the head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reins, but doesn't rule: the UK is governed by the Government - a board of Ministers who are the leading members of the political party in power and who are responsible to Parliament. The territory of Great Britain is small. At the same time the coun-try has a wide variety of scenery. England is the heart of Britain. It is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. The north and the west of the England are mountainous, but all the rest territory is a vast plain. In Northwest England there are many beautiful lakes with wooded or grassy shores and grey mountains all around.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
The most famous square in the city is the Palace Square with its magnificent ensemble. Here one can see the Winter Palace built by Rastrelli. Till the revolution it was the residence of the Russian csars. Now the Winter Palace and four other buildings are occupied by the Hermitage, one of the oldest art museums in Russia. There one can see masterpieces of outstanding artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rembrandt, Velazquez and other unique works of art.
The Russian Museum is located in the Mikhailovsky Palace, designed by Rossi. Marvellous paintings by the famous Russian artists: Tropinin, Repin, Bryullov, Fedotov, Surikov, Serov; the works of sculptors: Rastrelli, Shubin, Antokolsky are exhibited here.
The streets and squares in St. Petersburg are very beautiful. Nevsky Prospect is the main street of the city, where there are amazing buildings, shops, hotels and the remarkable Kazan Cathedral (by Voronikhin) with a colonnade and monuments to M. Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly. Here in the prospect one can see the magnificent building of the Admiralty (by Zakharov) and the ensemble of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Famous Russian writers, painters, composers and actors were buried in the Lavra.
Majestic palaces, cathedrals, churches and other buildings, built by famous architects, such as: palaces of Stroganov, Menshikov, Anichkov, and St. Isaac's Cathedral, erected by Montferrand, decorate St. Petersburg.
The city is often called the Venice of the North because there are 65 rivers and canals with artistically decorated cast iron bridges. One of the most beautiful is the Anichkov Bridge.
Citizens and tourists enjoy visiting the suburbs of St Petersburg: Petergof, Pushkin, Pavlovsk with their wonderful palaces, parks and fountains.
St. Petersburg inspired many of our great poets, writers, painters, sculptors, composers and actors. Much of the life and work of Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tchaikovsky, Repin and Kramskoi was connected with the city.
3. Выдающиеся люди России
Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765) (1) Михаил Ломоносов
Mikhail Lomonosov is the father of the Russian science and one of the most famous universities in the world. Lomonosov was born in 1711 in Arkhangelsk province. He began to read when he was a little boy. He always wanted to study and when he was nineteen he went to Moscow. He entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy and six years later, in 1736, he was sent abroad to complete his studies in Chemistry and mining. Lomonosov worked hard and became a great scientist. He was the first Russian academician; Lomonosov opened the first Russian chemistry lab. He was a physicist, a painter, an astronomer, a geographer, a historian and a statesman. In 1755 Mikhail Lomonosov founded Moscow University which is now Moscow State University named after him. Mikhail made research in electricity, gravity and the character of colour. Lomonosov was also the author of many odes and poems. He also published a lot of scientific works, including the first book on Russian grammar. Lomonosov died in 1765 but people still remember him.
================================
Mikhail Lomonosov (2)
Mikhail Lomonosov was born in 1711 in the family of a fisherman in the northern coastal village of Denisovka not far from Archangelsk. When he was ten years of age his father began to take him sea fishing. The dangerous life of a fisherman forced him to observe the natural phenomena more closely. During the long winter nights young Lomonosov studied his letters, grammar and arithmetic diligently. Being the son of a peasant, he was refused admission to the local school. After some years, through concealing his peasant origin, he gained admission to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy and for five years lived a hand-to-mouth existence on three kopecks a day. The noblemen's sons studying with him made fun of the twenty-year-old giant who, in spite of the jeers and his own poverty, made rapid progress. After five years came the chance of entering the Academy of Sciences, as there were not enough noble-born students to fill the quota. His ability and diligence attracted the attention of the professors and as one of three best students he was sent abroad. He spent all the time there studying the works of leading European scientists in chemistry, metallurgy, mining and mathematics. On his return to Russia in 1745 he was made a professor and was the first Russian scientist to become a member of the Academy of Sciences. For versatility Lomonosov has no equal in Russian science. Many of his ideas and discoveries only won recognition in the nineteenth century. He was the first to discover the vegetable origin of coal, for instance, and as a poet and scientist he played a great role in the formation of Russian literary language, eliminating distortions and unnecessary foreign words. He died in 1765. His living memorial is the Moscow University, which he founded in 1755.
Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) Александр Пушкин
Alexander Pushkin is one of the most outstanding Russians. He was the greatest Russian poet and writer. Pushkin devoted his life to writing poems. The young Alexander's first poems appeared when he was fifteen, and by the time he left school he was regarded as a rival by the literary leaders of that time. Pushkin was the first poet who touched problems that were important for Russia and its people. Because of that he was sent to exile a few times. Pushkin wrote a lot of poems and novels. Among his famous ones are: Eugenij Onegin, Ruslan and Lyudmila and others. Children like to read his fairy tales and watch wonderful cartoons based on them. When I was a child I read all the fairy tales by this talented poet. First my grandmother read them for me, but then when 1 learnt to read, I read his tales myself. Most of Pushkin's best works are studied at school. There is a statue to Pushkin in Moscow at Pushkin Square Young and old people gather by the statue, read poems and just meet friends.
Pushkin is respected not only in Russia, but all over the world. His novels and poems have been translated into many languages and arc enjoyed by foreigners.
Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968) Юрий Гагарин
Yuri Gagarin was the first spaceman in the world. Born in 1934, young Gagarin was a very curious and clever boy. Since childhood Yuri was interested in planes and made toy planes himself.
After the War the Gagarins moved to another city and Yuri entered a vocational school in a small town near Moscow. He attended an aero club and started flying. After finishing a school for pilots Gagarin joined the first group of spacemen. On the 12-th of April, 1961, Yuri Gagarin flew into space and spend more than one hour there. He was the first man in the world who flew into space on board a spaceship. After the successful landing Yuri Gagarin became a national hero. He died in 1968, but people all over the world still remember the first Russian spaceman.
Evgenij Pluschenko Евгений Плющенко
Pluschenko was sent to the ice-rink by his mother at the age of four. His mother liked figure skating and had some friends at the rink. When Evgenij was 11, his ice-rink in Volgograd closed, and the boy left his home and moved alone to St. Petersburg to train. His mother came to Petersburg later, while his father and elder sister stayed in Volgograd.
Pluschenko is one of the few male skaters to perform great spins and jumps. At the age of 16, Evgenij was the youngest male skater to receive the perfect score of 6.0. Pluschenko's parents never watch him compete live, even when competitions took place at home. Pluschenko withdrew from the 2005 World Championship after the short program because of injury. He underwent surgery in Munich, Germany in spring 2005.
On June 18, 2005, Pluschenko married Maria Yermak. His wife studies sociology at the University of St. Petersburg. They met in 2004 when Pluschenko, driving in St. Petersburg, noticed her in a convertible and decided to follow her.
At the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin, Italy, Pluschenko skated two brilliant programs, and became the Olympic champion. Looking to the future Pluschenko will be doing some skating tours, including Champions on Ice.
4. Англоговорящие страны
Great Britain (1)
I would like to tell you about Great Britain.
The official name of the country is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The country H situated in the north-west of Europe and consists of two large islands, Great Britain and the Isle of Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. There are four regions in the UК: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The country is washed by the North Sea in the north, the Irish Sea in the west and the English Channel in the south. The English Channel separates Great Britain from France.
The climate of the country is humid and oceanic because of the small size, of the country and the surrounding water. The English weather changes very often. It is not very cold in winters and not very hot in summers.
Great Britain has a lot of rivers and lakes. The most important river is the Thames which flows into the North Sea. The longest river is the Severn. The Lake District in the west is the most beautiful region on the British Isles. Famous British poets wrote their poems about the Lake District because of its beauty. The most famous lake is the Loch Ness. There is a legend that Nessie, the Loch Ness monster, lives in it.
The United Kingdom has a lot of industrial cities like Manchester and Birmingham and educational cities like Cambridge and Oxford. The two world famous universities, Cambridge University and Oxford University, are situated there.
Every region of Great Britain has its own administrative centre and the symbol.
England is the biggest region in the country. The symbol of England is the Red Rose. London is the capital of England and Great Britain. London is one of the biggest and most expensive cities in the world situated on the river Thames.
The symbol of Scotland is the thistle. Edinburgh is the administrative centre of the region. Scotland is a mountainous area. Ben Nevis, the highest peak of Great Britain, is situated there. The administrative centre of Wales is Cardiff and the symbol of the region is the daffodil. Belfast it the capital of Northern Ireland and the shamrock is its symbol.
The flag of Great Britain is called the Union Jack, ft has three crosses on the dark blue background. The currency of the country is the pound which consists of a hundred pence.
Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen as the Head of the state.
The legislative body of the country is British Parliament consisting of two houses: The House of Lords and the House of Commons. The head of the government is Prime Minister. The two main political parties of English Parliament are: the Labour Party (which is the leading democratic party) and the Tory (the conservative party).
Great Britain is famous for its great poets and writes such as William Shakespeare, Walter Scott, Arthur Conan Doyle and others. The Beatles rock group was born in England.
English people are famous for their love for gardening. Many of them live in small houses surrounded by beautiful green gardens.
English food does not vary much. The only dish that can be called traditional is fish and chips (fried fish with French fries). English people like going to pubs where they can have a snack and drink a pint of beer.
Great Britain is wonderful country. I would love to go there one day.
===================================
Great Britain (2)
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an area of some 244,000 square miles is situated on the British Isles, which are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Britain's population is over 57 million. Four out of every five people live in towns. The UK is a constitutional monarchy: the head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reins, but doesn't rule: the UK is governed by the Government - a board of Ministers who are the leading members of the political party in power and who are responsible to Parliament. The territory of Great Britain is small. At the same time the coun-try has a wide variety of scenery. England is the heart of Britain. It is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. The north and the west of the England are mountainous, but all the rest territory is a vast plain. In Northwest England there are many beautiful lakes with wooded or grassy shores and grey mountains all around.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37